What is the meaning of -a?
Used to create genus names from proper nouns
Used to take the form of certain plural Latin-derived taxonomic names
Marks singular nouns, with a foundation in Greek or Latin, often implying femininity, especially when contrasted with words terminating in -us.
Changes an element or substance into an oxide.
Marks nouns, with a foundation in Italian, Spanish, or Portuguese, implying femininity.
Added for metrical reasons to songs, poetry and verse, or as an empty filler syllable to other speech.
Alternative form of 've.
Clitic form of o' (contraction of of).
to (infinitive marker)
do (infinitive marker)
indicates intensity or repetition of a verbal action
alternative form of -ya
Durative aspect/present participle marker
third person singular object
neutral, unmarked tense-aspect marker
Used to form the partitive case: part of
First infinitive marker
Form of -ə after the vowels A / I / O / U.
and (attached only to čəd, čəxʷ, čəɬ & čələp)
the (definite article for common nouns)
nominalizes the action of the verb
indicates the place of the verb
indicates the time of the action of the verb
forms ordinal numbers
alternative form of -ah
forms male given names
Forms nouns denoting the action of the suffixed verb; -ing, -tion
the, Definite marker used for
the definite singular of (strong) feminine nouns.
the definite plural of strong neuter nouns.
the dative singular case of strong masculine nouns.
Used to form definite singular dative case of weak masculine and neuter nouns
-ed, Used for:
- the past tense of a-verbs.
- the supines of a-verbs and some preterite-present verbs (e.g. har bada, kasta, kunna, skulla, vilja).
- the past participles of a-verbs.
- adjectives (e.g. grepa, heilhjarta).
the past tense of a-verbs.
the supines of a-verbs and some preterite-present verbs (e.g. har bada, kasta, kunna, skulla, vilja).
the past participles of a-verbs.
adjectives (e.g. grepa, heilhjarta).
Used to form an infinitive form for most verbs. When using split infinitive, this only applies to a select group.
Used to form singular indefinite feminine form of some pronouns and adjectives (e.g. inga, lita, noka etc.).
Used as an ending of weak nouns and adjectives. Used for:
- the singular of weak feminine nouns, indefinite (non-standard since 2012) and definite forms.
- the singular of weak neuter nouns, indefinite and definite forms (e.g. auga, hjarta, øyra).
- adverbs ( alternative form of -e).
- the singular definite feminine and neuter forms of adjectives.
the singular of weak feminine nouns, indefinite (non-standard since 2012) and definite forms.
the singular of weak neuter nouns, indefinite and definite forms (e.g. auga, hjarta, øyra).
adverbs ( alternative form of -e).
the singular definite feminine and neuter forms of adjectives.
Used to form the feminine indefinite plural of adjectives.
Used to form the genitive plural of nouns.
nominative masculine n-stem ending
used to form the nominative singular n-stem (weak) adjective and subsequent nominalised form
used to form masculine agents, usually from verbs
Ending forming adverbs
Forms the nominative, accusative, and genitive plural of o-stem feminine nouns and u-stem masculine nouns
Forms the genitive plural of a-stem nouns
Forms the genitive and dative singular of u-stem nouns
a suffix indicating the second-person singular present indicative of a verb in -ar
combines with prepositions to form a relative pronoun
forms the comparative degree of some adjectives
indicates negation; does not (Can we add an example for this sense? )
creates denominative verbs from nouns
creates factitive verbs from adjectives
used to make adverbs from adjectives
occurs in the nominative singular of feminine on-stem nouns
occurs in the singular of neuter an-stem nouns
Forms the indefinite accusative plural of masculine a-stem nouns.
Forms the indefinite accusative plural of masculine an-stem nouns.
↑ Hammershaimb, V. U. (1854), “Færøisk sproglære”, in Annaler for nordisk oldkyndighed og historie, Kjöbenhavn: Det Kongelige Nordiske oldskriftselskab, →OCLC, page 272:
indefinite genitive plural
Creates denominative verbs from nouns
Creates factitive verbs from adjectives
forms nouns from a word's stem
forms the gerund of verbs ending in a consonant
Third person singular suffix
Plural suffix (with a-declension nouns)
Oblique case suffix (with a-declension nouns)
Masculine plural agreement suffix
Masculine non-nominative and non-singular agreement suffix
Creates a verb denoting an abundancy of the suffixed noun; -ful
Added to transitive verbs when preceded by the subject pronoun.
Forms the nonpast tense.
Marks imperfective aspect in both the recent and distant past tenses.
feminine singular nominative suffixed definite article. the
forms the plural forms for many nouns. -s
Absolutive singular suffix.
Used to form yes/no questions.
-ess forms feminine singular nouns
forms feminine singular adjectives
forms the third-person singular (also used with vostè) present indicative mood of regular -ar verbs
forms the second-person singular imperative mood of -ar verbs
creates imperative forms of verbs
Verbal suffix
Forms superlative adjectives
forms agent nouns referring to male people
forms nouns referring to results of processes
Related to, in the manner of, of. Ending for all adjectives in Esperanto.
Belonging to, of. Ending for all possessive pronouns in Esperanto.
Used to form the ordinal numeral.
-kind of. Ending of all correlatives of kind in Esperanto.
Used to form verbs from nouns.
Used to form adverbs from adjectives.
Forms the partitive case of nouns, adjectives, numbers and some pronouns.
Forms the short form of the first infinitive of verbs.
forms the third-person singular past historic of -er verbs
alternative form of -ä during vowel harmony with back vowels
romanization of -𐌰
Possessive (and genitive) suffix:
- his, her, its …
…-'s, of … (third-person singular, single possession)
…-s’, of …-s (third-person plural, single possession)
… ago (referring to a preceding point in time considered as an instant)
for … (referring to some duration that precedes the point of time in question)
- Third-person singular personal suffix in back-vowel verbs. Today it can be found in the third-person singular definite forms (indicative past and imperative conjugations) as part of the suffix -ja/-je, -ta/-te.
Third-person singular personal suffix in back-vowel verbs. Today it can be found in the third-person singular definite forms (indicative past and imperative conjugations) as part of the suffix -ja/-je, -ta/-te.
Third-person singular personal suffix in back-vowel conjugated infinitives and in the declined and postposition forms of the third-person personal pronoun ő (“he/she/it”).
The back-vowel variant of the -a/-e diminutive suffix pair. In the past it could be found in common nouns, as well, but today it is used mostly in given names.
Used to form the third-person singular indicative past indefinite, for back-vowel verbs. The front-vowel version is -e. The suffix currently used in this place is -t, -tt, or -ott. For the full paradigm, see the usage template.
synonym of -ó (present-participle suffix) From a synchronic perspective, it can be viewed as a nominal-forming suffix, preserved in some adjectives and nouns (see below). No longer productive. Its front-vowel version is -e.
forms verbs from nouns
forms verbs from adjectives
- inchoative
infinitive ending of most verbs:
third-person plural present indicative of -a
inflection of -a :
- first-person singular present indicative
- second-person singular short imperative
first-person singular present indicative
second-person singular short imperative
used to form adverbs from adjectives, especially of adjectives in -legur
indefinite nominative singular of -a f
female humans
female given names
names of animals
other nouns, among which many adapted loanwords
forms nouns from various bases
forms hypocorisms or short forms of female names
forms short forms of nouns for female people and some other nouns
forms names of languages from adjectives
indefinite nominative/accusative/dative/genitive singular of -a n
indefinite nominative/accusative/dative/genitive singular of -a m
indefinite accusative/dative/genitive singular of -i m
indefinite accusative plural of -i m
indefinite genitive plural
inflection of -ur :
- indefinite accusative singular feminine
- indefinite accusative plural masculine
- definite accusative/dative/genitive singular masculine
- definite nominative singular feminine
- definite nominative/accusative/dative/genitive singular neuter
indefinite accusative singular feminine
indefinite accusative plural masculine
definite accusative/dative/genitive singular masculine
definite nominative singular feminine
definite nominative/accusative/dative/genitive singular neuter
suffix denoting adjective.
plural ending of certain nouns
plural ending of adjectives in the nominative, vocative, dative, and strong genitive cases
genitive singular ending of third-declension nouns
used with a stem to form a feminine singular noun, usually a deverbal
used, with a stem, to form the third-person singular present tense of -are verbs
used, with a stem, to form the second-person singular imperative of -are verbs
used, with a stem, to form the first-person singular, second-person singular and third-person singular present subjunctive of -ere verbs, and of those -ire verbs that do not insert -isc-
used, with a stem, to form the third-person singular imperative of -ere verbs, and of those -ire verbs that do not insert -isc-
Imperative suffix
Subjunctive suffix
(With doubled adjective) far more so
(With doubled word) not even
(with doubled question word) [what]ever
inflection of -us:
nominative/vocative feminine singular
nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural
nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural of -s
suffix used to form feminine first-declension nouns
- used to form a female counterpart of a masculine noun denoting a male
used to form a female counterpart of a masculine noun denoting a male
used in substantivised feminine adjective forms, with ellipsis of an implicit feminine head noun
added to the stem of a third-declension noun to adapt its inflection to that of a feminine first-declension noun
suffix used to form (usually masculine) agent nouns from the roots of (usually compound) verbs
ablative feminine singular of -us
suffixed chiefly to the stems of adjectives terminating in -ter, forms adverbs which are frequently also used as prepositions
second-person singular present active imperative of -ō
Used to derive feminine nouns from masculine nouns (like English -ess).
Used to form the feminine forms of most nouns and adjectives.
Used to form the plurals of some nouns and adjectives.
Used to form singulatives from collective nouns.
passive ending
Forms nouns from verbs, indicating something used for performing the verb.
Forms nouns from verbs, indicating something that results from having the verb's action performed.
forms nominative feminine nouns
forms feminine names from masculine names
forms feminine nominative and vocative forms of short forms of adjectives
forms masculine personal agent nouns
forms feminine nominative and vocative forms of adjectives
forms collective nouns, causes palatalization
forms some plural forms, causes palatalization
used to create the masculine genitive singular, usually of animate nouns, but also of some inanimate nouns
forms genitive singular of neuter nouns
used in some adverbial constructions
forms the nominative plural of neuter nouns
forms feminine nouns from adjectives, indicating people having the quality of the source adjective
a suffix indicating the third-person singular present indicative of a verb in -ar
forms the second-person singular affirmative imperative of verbs ending in -ar
forms the first-person singular present subjunctive of verbs ending in -er and -ir
forms the third-person singular present subjunctive of verbs ending in -er and -ir
forms the third-person singular affirmative imperative of verbs ending in -er and -ir
forms the third-person singular negative imperative of verbs ending in -er and -ir
used in the end of shortenings
Forms the nominative plural of consonantal oikoclitic nouns
Forms the accusative singular of unjotated oikoclitic animate feminine nouns
Forms the feminine singular oblique of consonantal oikoclitic nouns. Displaced by -e in most dialects
A suffix forming infinitives of first conjugation verbs.
suffix appended to words (usually verbal stems) to create a feminine noun, usually denoting a relation or to form a proper noun
forms the genitive singular of masculine and neuter nouns and indefinite adjectives
forms nouns for young animals and other diminutives
-ess forms feminine singular nouns
forms feminine singular adjectives
forms the third-person singular (also used with usted) present indicative mood of regular -ar verbs
forms the first- and third-person singular (also used with usted) singular present subjunctive mood of -er and -ir verbs, also used for the imperative mood of usted
forms the second-person singular imperative mood of -ar verbs
positive indicative ending for verbs of Bantu origin
A verb-building suffix that can be added to nouns or adjectives.
Weak (definite) singular suffix, historically feminine
Transform an adjective describing a people speaking a language into the noun for that language.
Definite plural suffix for neuter nouns of the fourth declension with regular plurals in -n, e.g. äpplen (“apples”) + -a → äpplena (“the apples”); see also -na.
Creates a noun from a numeral.
Used to form the dative case
Used to form gerunds
Used to form the optative mood of verbs
A morpheme used to mark the genitive singular of a word (such as a noun, adjective or pronoun). It is also the most common morpheme used in creating innumerable compound words, some of which can be very long
Forming masculine nouns from verbs and nouns, having the sense of 'tool, object for a specific purpose'.
Forms verbnouns from verb stems. Usually denotes an action that is often repeated, e.g. frequenting a certain place or gathering a certain item.
verb suffix for the third-person singular present indicative/future
verb suffix for the second-person singular present imperative
verb suffix for the second-person singular present imperative
used to form the superlative of an adjective of one or two syllables.
verb suffix for the first-person singular future
Source: wiktionary.org
- inchoative
- Third-person singular personal suffix in back-vowel verbs. Today it can be found in the third-person singular definite forms (indicative past and imperative conjugations) as part of the suffix -ja/-je, -ta/-te.
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