What is the meaning of -es?

Used to form the regular plural of nouns that end in a sibilant (/s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /t͡s/, /d͡z/, /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/), such as:

1. (t)ch, when pronounced as /tʃ/: glitch→glitches (but psych→psychs)
2. (j)j: hajj→hajjes (j is only final in loan words raj, hajj)
3. (s)s: bus→buses, rendezvous→rendezvouses
4. x: box→boxes
5. (z)z: waltz→waltzes
6. sh: ash→ashes

(t)ch, when pronounced as /tʃ/: glitch→glitches (but psych→psychs)

(j)j: hajj→hajjes (j is only final in loan words raj, hajj)

(s)s: bus→buses, rendezvous→rendezvouses

x: box→boxes

(z)z: waltz→waltzes

sh: ash→ashes

Used to form the regular plural of nouns that end in a consonant (or qu) + y:

Used for form the plural of some nouns that end in a consonant + o:

Used to form the third person singular present indicative of regular verbs:

1. that end in (t)ch pronounced as /tʃ/: impeach→impeaches (but psych→psychs)
2. that end in (s)s: miss→misses
3. that end in x: tax→taxes
4. that end in (z)z: fizz→fizzes
5. that end in consonant + o in some cases: go→goes (but piano→pianos)
6. that end in sh: wish→wishes
7. that end in consonant (or qu) + y: cry→cries (but buy→buys)

that end in (t)ch pronounced as /tʃ/: impeach→impeaches (but psych→psychs)

that end in (s)s: miss→misses

that end in x: tax→taxes

that end in (z)z: fizz→fizzes

that end in consonant + o in some cases: go→goes (but piano→pianos)

that end in sh: wish→wishes

that end in consonant (or qu) + y: cry→cries (but buy→buys)

Possessive marker; see -s, -'s.

Creates the female form of persons or occupations, as English -ess.

belonging to. (Ending for genitive correlatives.)

forms the second-person singular present indicative form of a verb

forms the second-person singular present subjunctive form of a verb

Alternative form of -s (genitive ending)

flat, ♭

Added to a noun to form an adjective meaning "having something, a quality"; sometimes referred to as ornative.

Added to a noun to form an occupation or a collective noun.

Added to a cardinal number to form a digit or figure, cf. the relevant template.

used to form a third-declension feminine abstract noun designating the result of an action from a verb root or conceived root form

used to form third-declension nouns, most of which have senses along the lines of 'one who goes (by)'

second-person singular present active subjunctive of -ō

nominative/accusative/vocative masculine/feminine plural of -s

Alternative form of -yssh

Alternative form of -esse (-ess)

long

with tsi ni-: during

possessive marker, indicating that an object belongs to the noun

used in formation of adverbs, originally from the genitive of masculine and neuter nouns, but later added also to feminine nouns by analogy

possessive marker, indicating that an object belongs to the noun

used in formation of adverbs

Used to form the regular plural of nouns.

forms the 2-person singular present indicative of 2 and 3 conjugation verbs

forms the 2-person singular present subjunctive of 1 conjugation verbs

forms the 2-person singular negative imperative of 1 conjugation verbs

forms the plural of nouns and adjectives ending in -r, -z, stressed -s and of some ending in -n

-son (a suffix added to a given name to form a patronymic surname)

desinence used to form the singular accusative case of oikoclitic (pre-European) masculine animate nouns

suffix indicating the plural of nouns and adjectives ending in certain consonants (most often -l, -r, -n, -d, -z, -j, -s, -x, -ch, with some exceptions).

suffix indicating the second-person singular present indicative of -er and -ir verbs.

suffix indicating the second-person singular present subjunctive of -ar verbs

Marks the present tense passive of verbs of the second and fourth conjugations (weak and strong -er verbs respectively) that have stems ending in s.

-ese; forms a nationality from the name of a country.

female suffix

collective noun

verb suffix for the first-person singular preterite

Used to form possessive pronouns from possessive determiners

Source: wiktionary.org