What is the meaning of D-?

deci- (“×10”)

deprecated notation for dextrorotatory (versus modern notation, (+)).

The d-classifier, one of four classifiers which obligatorily appear in every Ahtna verb with a variety of purposes. The d-classifier has the following uses:

1. Forms intransitive verbs from nouns
2. Forms iterative verbs via classifier shift from the ∅-classifier (with the prefix na-)

   Forms intransitive verbs from nouns

   Forms iterative verbs via classifier shift from the ∅-classifier (with the prefix na-)

   Forms reflexive verbs

   Forms benefactive verbs

   Appears in transitive verbs with an incorporated objects

   Appears in many verbs with no clear function

   A qualifier suffix with a number of meanings:

   2. Marks the d-gender, which includes nouns such as plants, dishes, hair/fur, enclosed liquids, words/speech, day/time, fire/smoke, and stars

      Marks the d-gender, which includes nouns such as plants, dishes, hair/fur, enclosed liquids, words/speech, day/time, fire/smoke, and stars

      Appears in several compound nouns with no clear meaning

      Appears in some reflexive verbs

      Appears in some reflexive verbs

      Marks nearly all onomatopoeic verbs

      Appears in many verbs with no clear function

      A "qualifier" prefix with a variety of meanings:

      1. Marks the d-gender, which includes wood and wooden objects
      2. With do-: oral, noise, speech
      3. With the l-classifier, marks onomatopoeic verbs
      4. With e-: out into an area
      5. With xa-: starting off in a direction
      6. Appears in a variety of other verb stems, such as neuter terms referring to colors.

         Marks the d-gender, which includes wood and wooden objects

         With do-: oral, noise, speech

         With the l-classifier, marks onomatopoeic verbs

         With e-: out into an area

         With xa-: starting off in a direction

         Appears in a variety of other verb stems, such as neuter terms referring to colors.

         Appears epenthetically before the l-classifier after the neuter suffix dh-.

         my

         him

         it

         The d-classifier, one of several classifiers which obligatorily appear in every Wailaki verb, used to form middle, detransitive, reciprocal, reflexive, passive, and reversative verbs.

         alternative form of dh-

         alternative form of il-

         the d- classifier or valence-change prefix, a detransitivizing prefix of active verbs that modifies the transitivity or valence and grammatical voice of a verb, occurs in most passive, mediopassive, reflexive, and reciprocal verbs that are derived from verbs with a ∅- classifier; it produces the agentive passive verb forms

         Source: wiktionary.org